Fig. 3
Example of measured liquid distribution data (360o circular angle) plotted as output voltage [V] relative to the maximum values of the output voltage [Vmax] for a 250-mL shake flask rotating at 200 rpm shaking frequency and 25 mm shaking diameter. The recorded liquid distribution data shown is the results of the averaged values from 10 rotations observed at the position 1 from Fig. 2. The flask was filled with 25 mL of a 5 μM fluorescein solution with 100 mM phosphate buffer (pH 8). The measurement was taken at a height of 22 mm from the base of the shake flask. The intersecting points between the lines of ‘a’ and ‘b’ as well as between the lines of ‘a’ and ‘d’ lead to the leading edge (LB) and the tail of the bulk liquid (TB), respectively. LB and TB determined are identified at 104.84o and 306.35o, respectively