Fig. 5

Effect of support materials and cross-linking solution concentration on the formation of immobilized beads. a Effect of PVA concentration on the formation of immobilized beads (black square refers 2.0% PVA, red circle refers 2.5% PVA, blue up triangle refers 3.0% PVA, green down triangle refers 3.5% PVA, pink left triangle refers 4.0% PVA); b Effect of calcium chloride concentration on the formation of immobilized beads (black square refers 1.8% calcium chloride, red circle refers 2.0% calcium chloride, blue triangle refers 2.2% calcium chloride); c Effect of sodium alginate concentration on the formation of immobilized beads (black square refers 2.0% sodium alginate, red circle refers 2.5% sodium alginate, blue up triangle refers 3.0% sodium alginate, green down triangle refers 3.5% sodium alginate, pink left triangle refers 4.0% sodium alginate)