Fig. 4

XPS analysis results. As shown in panel a, cobalt and chromium were not detectable on the coated disc surface, indicating confluent coverage by the coating. Panel b shows the result of coated grafts: carbon and fluorine account for > 99% of chemical elements in bare ePTFE grafts; and coating significantly reduced fluorine percentage. The residual fluorine in the coated ePTFE graft detected by XPS (panel b) is likely from internodal spaces where insufficient coating may occur. Co: cobalt; Cr: chromium; F: fluorine; C: carbon; O: oxygen; and N: nitrogen