Fig. 6

a Kinetics of crystal violet (CV) removal and fitting to pseudo-first order (PFO), pseudo-second order (PSO) and Elovich equations. b Kinetics modelling of CV adsorption using intra-particle diffusion model. c Effect of different initial CV concentrations on the adsorption process and fitting to different isotherm models. d Effect of pH on CV adsorption. e Effect of temperature on CV adsorption. f Thermodynamic plot for CV adsorption