Fig. 3

Fed-batch phase profiles from the bioreactor-scale experiments with PpCβ21-P and PpCβ21-PEJY strains at pH 5. Concentrations of dry cell weight, 3-HP, and residual methanol are represented in the left-side y-axis. The total amount of methanol added, normalized by the actual volume of the reactor at every time, is represented using the right-side y-axis. Time axis corresponds to the exponential methanol feeding phase of the cultivations (preprogrammed at a µ = 0.03 h^− 1). The cultivation profile shown for each strain corresponds to the average result of two independent cultivations. The error bars denote the standard deviation for the duplicate