Fig. 4

Fed-batch phase profiles from the bioreactor-scale experiments with PpCβ21-P and PpCβ21-PEJY strains at pH 3.5. Concentrations of dry cell weight, 3-HP, and residual methanol are represented in the left-side y-axis. The total amount of methanol added is represented using the right-side y-axis. Time axis corresponds to the exponential methanol feeding phase of the cultivations (preprogrammed at a µ = 0.03 h^− 1). Data represent a single cultivation replicate for each strain. The error bars denote the standard deviation of triplicate measurements for each sample