Fig. 2

In vitro analysis hemolysis and metabolic degradation of RBC. A Mechanism of RBC storage lesion, including metabolic damage, oxidative damage, membrane damage, mechanical injury, solution injury, toxic injury. B Visual inspection of RBC supernatants post-centrifugation. Photos of RBC supernatant after centrifugation at 0, 14, 28, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 70 days. C Mean values of hemolysis over 63 days. D-H Metabolic parameters: glucose, lactate, pH, ATP, and 2,3-DPG levels. Mean values of glucose D), lactate E), pH F), ATP G), 2,3-DPG H) in RBC samples at 0, 14, 28, 42, 49, 56, and 63 days. Control (blue) and supercooled (green). Data are shown as the mean ± SD from six biological replicates (n = 6). independent samples t-test, *p < 0.05; ***p < 0.001; ns, nonsignificant